| Abstract | Engleski kralj Henrik VIII. rođen je 28. lipnja 1491. u Londonu a umro je 1547. godine
također u Londonu. Nakon smrti brata Arthura, nasljedio je englesku krunu i zauzeo prijestolje
1509. godine kada mu je bilo 18 godina. Iste godine je oženio bratovu udovicu Katarinu
Aragonsku. Nakon par sretnih godina u braku su uslijedili dinastički problemi, a kralj se
zaljubio u dvorsku damu Ann Boleyn. Henrik VIII. se odlučio rastaviti od Katarine Aragonske
a tim činom je pokrenuo dug sudski proces s Rimom, papa Klement VII. to nije mogao nikako
dopustiti, pa je kralj odlučio odvojiti englesku crkvu od Rima a time i proglasiti sebe za
vrhovnog poglavara engleske crkve. Nakon razvoda od Katarine od Aragona, oženio se s Ann
Boleyn 1533. godine a ubrzo su dobili i kćer Elizabeth. No ni Ann Boleyn nije rodila toliko
željenog muškog nasljednika pa je kralj opet potražio sreću s drugom ženom, Jane Seymour.
Uslijedio je pad i smaknuće 19.5.1536 Ann Boleyn. Henrik se oženio s Jane Seymour koja mu
je rodila toliko željenog muškog nasljednika ali je par dana nakon poroda umrla. Nakon Janine
smrti kralju je trebalo malo vremena da se oporavi pa se ubrzo, potaknut od svoga suradnika
lorda kancelara, lorda Cromwella Henrik se opet oženio s Njemicom Annom od Clevesa. No
kralju se Ann nije svidjela te se odlučio razvesti od nje što je i napravio 4.9. 1539. Taj razvod
je značio i Cromwellovo smaknuće. Neko vrijeme nakon razvoda od Ann, Henrik VIII. se
zaljubio u mladu Katarinu Howard, ali se saznalo da je u prošlosti imala više ljubavnih afera a
vjerojatno i za vrijeme braka sa samim Henrikom tako da je osuđena na smrt i smaknuta
13.2.1542. Henrikova zadnja žena Katarina Parr je uspjela nadživjeti i samoga kralja koji je
umro 28.1.1547. godine. Naslijedio ga je sin Edward VI. |
| Abstract (english) | English King Henry VIII. was born on June 28, 1491 in London and died in 1547 also
in London. After the death of his brother Arthur, he inherited the English crown and took the
throne in 1509 when he was 18 years old. In the same year, he married his brother's widow,
Catherine of Aragon. After a couple of happy years in the marriage, dynastic problems
followed, and the king fell in love with court lady Ann Boleyn. Henry VIII. decided to separate
from Catherine of Aragon and by doing so initiated a long court process with Rome, Pope
Clement VII. could not allow that, so the king decided to separate the English church from
Rome and thus declare himself the supreme head of the English church. After his divorce from
Catherine of Aragon, he married Ann Boleyn in 1533, and they soon had a daughter, Elizabeth.
But even Ann Boleyn did not give birth to the much-desired male heir, so the king again sought
happiness with another woman, Jane Seymour. It was followed by the fall and execution on
19.5.1536 of Ann Boleyn. Henry married Jane Seymour, who gave birth to the much-desired
male heir, but she died a few days after giving birth. After Jane's death, the king needed some
time to recover, so soon, encouraged by his associate Lord Chancellor, Lord Cromwell, Henry
married the German Anna of Cleves again. But the king did not like Ann and decided to divorce
her, which he did on 9.4. 1539. That divorce also meant Cromwell's execution. Some time after
his divorce from Ann, Henry VIII. fell in love with the young Katarina Howard, but it was
found out that she had several love affairs in the past, and probably during her marriage to
Henrik himself, so she was sentenced to death and executed on 13.2.1542. Henry's last wife,
Katarina Parr, managed to outlive the king himself, who died on January 28, 1547. years. He
was succeeded by his son Edward VI. |
