The topic of this graduate thesis deals with the concept of utopia in early and high modernism. The paper deals with the history of the concept of utopia in general, where the issue of utopia is explained in more detail with the help of various quotations and views of utopians, theorists and philosophers of the past. Also, it is more closely marked what is behind the concept of modernity and how modernism comes about. This thesis explains the utopian idea and various visions of society that appear during the 20th century. Such visions of society are analyzed through various artistic directions of early and high modernism, which are based on "utopian" themes, and artists who are in their works celebrated machine, ie machine aesthetics, urban and industrialized new world, the position of man in the modern industrial world, etc. In my dissertation I mostly focused on the artistic directions of early modernism because I think that in these early avant-garde directions, such as constructivism or futurism, and in the totalitarian art of Russian social realism or German National Socialism, utopian and ideological visions of society are most evident, while in high modernism such visions increasingly die and survive only through the architecture and already recycled directions of the first half of the 20th century. Among other things, the notion of high modernism is explained in more detail, where the emphasis is on theory, its critique, critique of totalitarian art and the death of utopian visions during the duration of high modern art.