| Abstract | Nakon pada Zapadnog Rimskog Carstva, za vremena bizantskog vrhovništva, Split uživa faktičku autonomiju koju je zadržao sve do druge polovice 11. stoljeća. Početkom 12. stoljeća, hrvatsko prijestolje preuzima kralj Koloman te dalmatinske komune usporedno s time priznaju njegovu vlast. Grad Split je u tom periodu dobio načelnu autonomiju koju će pokušati očuvati od Venecije. S druge strane, vlast plemstva u gradu bila je ograničena pretenzijama velikaških obitelji iz zaleđa te je dotadašnje običajno pravo postalo nesposobno za reguliranje novih odnosa koji su se javili napretkom grada. Takvi procesi su zahtijevali kodifikaciju prava te se smatra kako 1240. godine dolazi do sastavljanja prvog Splitskog statuta koji nam nije ostao sačuvan, ali je svakako doprinio stvaranju Statuta iz 1312. godine koji je poznat kao Statut grada Splita.
Statut grada Splita pridonio je formiranju normi obiteljskog, nasljednog i kaznenog prava te se u svojim odredbama uvelike dotakao ženinog položaja čija uloga u društvu tokom stoljeća biva kompletno zanemarivana. Žena je značajno ovisila o svome ocu, a zatim o svome mužu. Odredbe Statuta ticale su se njezinog dogovorenog braka gdje bi njena obitelj imala glavnu riječ, a ista stvar je bila sa njezinim položajem u braku i mirazom. Njezina uloga se primarno očitovala u kućanstvu i brizi oko djece gdje je imala više autoriteta. Nakon smrti njenog muža, ženin položaj je bio uvjetovan vjernosti prema pokojnom mužu te je često mogla ostati bez ičega ako joj muž kojim slučajem nešto oporučno ne bi ostavio. Mnogim odredbama definiran je i položaj žena na rubu zakona koje su se zbog nekog razloga našle pred sudom. Tijekom stoljeća srednjeg vijeka ženin položaj se počeo pogoršavati tako da ju se pokušalo i poslovno ograničiti tijekom kasnog srednjeg vijeka. |
| Abstract (english) | After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, during the Byzantine rule, Split enjoyed de facto autonomy which it retained until the second half of the 11th century. At the beginning of the 12th century, the Croatian throne was taken over by King Koloman, and the Dalmatian communes recognized his authority at the same time. In that period, the city of Split gained principled autonomy, which it will try to preserve from Venice. On the other hand, the power of the nobility in the city was limited by the pretensions of noble families from the hinterland, and the hitherto customary law became incapable of regulating the new relations that had arisen with the progress of the city. Such processes required the codification of law and it is believed that in 1240 the first Split Statute was drafted, which has not been preserved, but certainly contributed to the creation of the Statute from 1312, which is known as the Statute of the City of Split.
The Statute of the City of Split contributed to the formation of the norms of family, inheritance and criminal law, and in its provisions it greatly touched on the position of women, whose role in society has been completely neglected over the centuries. The wife depended significantly on her father and then on her husband. The provisions of the Statute concerned her arranged marriage where her family would have the main say, and the same thing was with her position in marriage and dowry. Her role was primarily manifested in housekeeping and child care where she had more authority. After the death of her husband, the wife's position was conditioned by fidelity to her late husband, and she could often be left with nothing if her husband did not leave her a will by any chance. Many provisions also define the position of women on the fringes of the law who have been brought to justice for some reason. During the Middle Ages, a womans position began to deteriorate, so that attempts were made to limit her business during the late Middle Ages. |
