| Abstract | Mirko Kovač, crnogorski, hrvatski i srpski pisac, romansijer i esejista, dramski pisac i pisac TV drama, pripada piscima koji su stvarali u drugoj polovini XX vijeka, na prelazu iz XX u XXI vijek, i na prelazu iz jedne književne epohe u drugu, iz moderne u postmodernu.
Grupa pisaca, koji je pripadao i Mirko Kovač, donijela je u književnost novine u pogledu pripovjednih postupaka i svojim djelima označila početak novog književnog razdoblja – postmoderne.
Već prvim svojim romanom Gubilište, objavljenim 1962. godine, u postupcima oblikovanja teksta, Kovač je donio novine. Ovaj je roman, kao i većina Kovačevih djela, građena na biblijskom podtekstu. Simbolika ovog romana je višeznačna a u njemu su, nakon analize pronađeni elementi usmene književnosti i tradicijske kulture. Roman Moja sestra Elida, godine 1965, zajedno sa romanom Borislava Pekića, označiti početak postmoderne na južnoslovenskim prostorima.
Kako bi razumjeli rad koji je pred nama, kao i odgovore na zadatu temu, kratko ćemo se osvrnuti na sadržajnost naslovne teme rada. Napomenut ćemo da smo nakon uvida u stvaralački opus Mirka Kovača, najprije utvrdili da usmena književnost i tradicijska kultura imaju veliki značaj u opusu Mirka Kovača. Također, uočili smo da se Kovačev stvaralački opus može sagledati i kroz različite oblike usmene književnosti i tradicijske kulture, koje smo klasificirali na: religijsku tradiciju (pravoslavna/katolička tradicija – religijski rituali, crkve, blagdani) koja se ogleda u lajtmotivima njegovih romana i pripovijedaka; povijesnu tradicija – istinske i mitske predstave koje postoje o povijesnim zbivanjima u geografskim odredištima te zbivanja u njegovim proznim djelima (najvećim dijelom je to Hercegovina) i narodnu (seoska tradicija) koja je različita ili razlikovna od mjesta do mjesta navedenog geografskog područja.
Tragajući za oblicima tradicijske kulture i usmene književnosti u djelu Mirka Kovača, zaključili smo da je ovaj pisac, u skladu sa odlikama književne epohe kojoj je pripadao, na osnovama Biblije, ali i usmene književnosti i tradicijske kulture, crpio motive i teme za svoja djela.
Mirko Kovač je bio i pisac koji se borio protiv totalitarnog režima jednog vremena, kojeg je u svojim djelima kritizirao. Svoje stavove i kritiku društva, Kovač je iznosio kroz jezik i kroz motivsku strukturu svojih djela. Za prozu Mirka Kovača, možemo kazati da je karakterizira: defabulacija, demitologizacija, intertekstualnost, citatnost, međužanrovi, ukidanje granice između stvarnosti i fikcije. Navedeno je obilježje postmoderne.
Prozu Mirka Kovača odlikuju motivi poput smrti, sna, đavola, zla, predskazanja, fragmenta iz Biblije i drugi. Junaci njegovih djela su likovi čije su sudbine tragične, događaji su često mistični i fantastični. Likovi i događaji se preklapaju iz djela u djelo, pa se stiče utisak da je Mirko Kovač, cijelog života pisao jedan roman.
Ključne riječi: postmoderna, Biblija, citatnost, demitologizacija, mističnost, fantastičnost, tradicijska kultura, usmena književnost. |
| Abstract (english) | Summary Mirko Kovač, Montenegrin, Croatian, Serbian writer, novelist, essayist, playwright, and TV drama writer, belongs to the authors who created in the second half of the 20th century, at the transition from the 20th to the 21st century, and at the transition from one literary epoch to another - from modernism to postmodernism. The group of writers, to which Mirko Kovač belonged, brought innovations in narrative techniques to literature and marked the beginning of a new literary period - postmodernism-with their work. With his first novel, Gubilište, published in 1962, Kovač introduced new approaches in text formation. This novel, like most of Kovač’s works, is based on a biblical subtext. The symbolism of this novel is multifaceted, and analysis has found elements of oral literature and traditional culture within it. The novel Moja sestra Elida, published in 1965, together with Borislav Pekić’s novel, marked the beginning of postmodernism in the South Slavic regions.
To understand the work at hand, in response to the assigned topic, we will briefly reflect on the content of the main topic of the work. It should be noted that after reviewing the creative opus of Mirko Kovač, we first established that oral literature and traditional culture have significant importance in his work. We also noticed that Kovač’s creative oeuvre can be viewed through various forms of oral literature and traditional culture, which we grouped into: religious tradition (Orthodox/Catholic tradition - religious rituals, churches, holidays) reflected in the light motives of his novels and short stories; historical tradition – true and mythical representations of historical events in geographical locations, as well as events in his prose works (mostly Herzegovina) and folk (village tradition) which varies or differs from place to place in the specified geographical area. In searching for forms of traditional culture and oral literature in the work of Mirko Kovač, we concluded that this writer, in line with the characteristics of the literary epoch to which he belonged, drew motives and themes for his works from the foundations of the Bible, as well as oral literature and traditional culture. Mirko Kovač was also a writer who fought against the totalitarian regime of his time, which he criticized through his works. Kovač expressed his views and criticism of society through the language and the thematic structure of his works. We can say that Mirko Kovač’s prose is characterized by: defabulation, demythologization, intertextuality, citation, inter-genre elements, and the abolition of the boundary between reality and fiction. These are features of postmodernism. Mirko Kovač’s prose is marked by motives such as death, dreams, the devil, evil, premonitions, fragments from the Bible, and others. The protagonists of his works are characters whose fates are tragic, and events are often mystical and fantastic. Characters and events overlap from one work to another, giving the impression that Mirko Kovač wrote one continuous novel throughout his life. |
