| Abstract | Ovaj rad opisuje povijest Poljičke kneževine tijekom nekoliko stoljeća njena postojanja, s naglaskom na događaje koji su utjecali na pojedine redakcije Poljičkog statuta. Naziv Poljička republika, župa ili knežija, označava malu seljačku zajednicu koja se tijekom kasnog srednjovjekovlja do početka XIX. stoljeća, organizirala na brdovitu prostoru Dalmacije, u istočnom susjedstvu Splita. Unatoč okruženju i pritiscima moćnih europskih vojno-političkih sila, Poljica su nekoliko stoljeća uspješno funkcionirala kao autonomna teritorijalna zajednica na čelu s velikim knezom, s vlastitom unutrašnjom samoupravom i organizacijom društveno-gospodarskih odnosa i s vlastitim pisanim zakonima. Svoju autonomiju Poljica su zaslužila vještom politikom formalnog priznavanja vanjskog vrhovništva, najprije hrvatskih narodnih vladara, hrvatskih banova i bosanskih kraljeva, zatim hrvatsko-ugarskih kraljeva, Venecije i Osmanskog Carstva, ali i svojim zbornikom zakona, Poljičkim statutom, u kojemu su regulirani unutrašnji i vanjski društveni, politički i pravni odnosi. Uz zakonske i sudske odredbe u Statutu su zabilježeni važni društveni i politički događaji Poljica, pa tako i priznavanje novih vladara, kojima su u tim prilikama podnosili na potvrdu svoj „poštovani“ Statut. Nove odredbe Statuta prilagođavali su zahtjevima nove vlasti, ali su istovremeno štitili svoje tradicijski čuvane povlastice, prava i autonomiju. Tada su nastale i pojedine redakcije Statuta. Znanstvenici nisu suglasni o njihovu broju i vremenu nastanka. Najstariji sačuvani rukopis datira iz 1514. godine, a predstavlja redakciju sastavljenu 1485. godine. Početkom devetnaestog stoljeća, Poljičani nisu uspjeli očuvati svoju stoljetnu autonomiju potvrđenu odredbama Poljičkog statuta, jer je to bilo neprihvatljivo novoj Napoleonovoj revolucionarnoj vlasti koja je, ugušivši pobunu Poljičana 1807. godine, zauvijek ukinula Poljičku knežiju i njihove zakone. Poljički statut kao kodeks staroslavenskog običajnog prava, ali i rimskog i kanonskog prava, do danas je ostao jedan od najznačajnijih srednjovjekovnih pravnih dokumenata, i najvažniji historiografski izvor za razumijevanje poljičke povijesti i ustroja hrvatskog i slavenskog srednjovjekovnog društva. |
| Abstract (english) | This paper describes the history of the Poljica Principality during several centuries of its existence and highlights developments that influenced particular redactions of the Poljica Statute. The name of the Poljica Republic, parish, county or principality designates a small self governing rural community organized in the mountainous area of Dalmatia in medieval times until the beginning of the 19th century in the southern vicinity of Split. Despite the environment and pressures coming from the powerful European military-political super powers, Poljica has functioned successfuly for several centries as an autonomous territorial community lead by the Grand Duke of Poljica within its internal self-administration and organization of the social-economic relations and codified customary laws. Poljica earned its autonomy through a skillful policies of a formal recognition of the external supremacy, of firstly Croatian national rulers, Croatian viceroys (bans) and Bosnian kings then Croatian-Hungarian kings, Venice and Ottoman Empire, but also by its own Compendium of collective laws, Poljica Statute, which regulate internal, external social, political and legal relations. Besides the legal and court provisions in the Statute were also recorded all relevant social and political developments of Poljica, so were recognitions of the new rulers, before whom would Poljicans on such occasions present their “respected statute” for an approval. New provisions of the Statute were adapted in line with requirements of the new authority, however the Poljica people were in the same time protecting their own traditionally kept privileges, rights and the automomy. At the time were created specific redactions of the Statute. The scolars disagree on their number and the time of creation. The oldest preserved script dates from 1514 and it represents the redaction drawn up in 1485. In the beginning of the 19th century, the Poljica people failed to preserve their hundred years old autonomy endorsed by the provisions of the Poljica Statute because it was unacceptable to the new Napoleon revolutionary authority who crushed the rebellion of Poljica in 1807 and hence abolished the Principality of Poljica and their laws for good. The Poljica Statute, as the Codex of ancient Slavonic customary law, but also Roman law and Canon law up to date has remained one of the most relevant medieval legal documents and most important historiographic source for understanding the history of Poljica and organizational structure of the Croatian and Slavonic medieval society. |
