Longitudinal monitoring of anthropological characteristics of elementary school students is the basis of this thesis. For the needs of the work, a research was carried out in one elementary school. The aim of the research was to determine the state of anthropological characteristics of elementary school pupils and to examine the existence of statistically significant differences in anthropological characteristics according to gender and age. Respondents results were obtained by monitoring during two school years, 2018./2019. and 2019./2020. The research was carried out on 49 pupils of Bol elementary school in Bol, on the island of Brač. It included male and female pupils of three grades, who, depending on the school year of attendance, attended one of the four lower grades of elementary school. The age of the respondents at the time of the study was between seven and ten years. Respondents were divided into subsamples according to gender and age. The results were processed using a t-test for independent samples and showed that there are statistically significant differences in some measured variables, and in most of the measured variables there are no statistically significant differences. The analysis of the results showed that the male pupils of the first and second grade in 2018./2019., in other words, the second and third grade in 2019./2020. achieved better results than female pupils in all tests of motor skills, except in the test for assessing flexibility. The analysis of the results showed that the male pupils achieved better results than the female pupils in all tests of motor skills, except in the test for assessing flexibility. Given that the development of flexibility is conditioned by gender, the measurement results of the flexibility assessment test are expected. It is interesting that the third grade female pupils in 2018./2019. school year, in other words, fourth grade female pupils in 2019./2020. school year achieved better results than male pupils in all tests of motor skills. Such results can be attributed to the influence of endogenous factors, in other words, anthropometric characteristics of students that affect the performance of motor movements.