The topic of this work is anxiety disorders in the preschool period. This work primarily describes anxiety and anxiety disorders and how to assess and diagnose anxious behaviors. There are numerous factors that influence the development and increase of anxiety disorders, so the risk factors are presented accordingly. Furthermore, theories about the etiology of the disorder itself are presented, and some of them are described: psychoanalytic theory of neuroses, behavioral theory, cognitive theory and family theory. According to DSM-V, we distinguish six categories of anxiety disorders, and they are briefly described and presented according to the general population, but also in preschool age. Both excessive anxiety disorder and separation anxiety disorder are presented, as the two most typical anxiety disorders for children. A presentation of depression and depressive disorder, the influence of depressed mothers, as well as research into the occurrence of depression due to the loss of a mother (caregiver) are also included and presented due to high comorbidity with anxiety. Several types of therapy for anxiety disorders are described, and finally work methods and advice for working with children suffering from anxiety disorders, various fears and traumatic experiences are listed.