The topics of this final thesis are the concept of childhood and the media and their connection. The concept of childhood is defined from different points of view and the representation of a child is described from a traditional and contemporary perspective. Also, the media is defined, along the central concepts related to media pedagogy, and the impact of media on children is analyzed. Childhood is a vulnerable period in a person's life in which the child is sensitive to all stimuli from their environment, so it is important to protect them from possible bad influence. Since in recent decades the media has been increasingly spread and used, even among children, it is a great responsibility of adults (parents and educational workers) to control the conditions in which children consume media content and to educate them. In order to do this as successfully as possible, it is imperative to educate both the parents themselves and the educational staff. The objective of this paper is to summarize the theoretical foundation of the topics and the negative and positive influence of media on children, and finally, to provide guidelines and instructions for parents and educational workers from the available literature.