There is a large number of researches that have been carried out on the topic of musical preferences whose main goal was to determine the factors that influence them, and the interest in this topic is not surprising if we take into account the fact that music has always been an important part of human lives. This paper will present the results of some of those researches, foreign and Croatian, with the aim of better understanding of the relationship between some of the personality traits and musical preferences. Before that, some of the most popular personality traits theories and theories of musical preferences will be presented so that we could connect them and eventually make conclusions. A special emphasis will be made on the possibility of changing and improving musical taste under the influence of the environment, especially the school environment and music education. Rentfrow and Gosling (2003) stated in their work that music is all-present in our lives and plays a major role in the formation of personality and social identity as well as in the sense of physiological arousal. Their focus was mainly on finding the answer to the question why people like the music they like, and the foundation for their research was placed on personality traits, self-views and cognitive abilities of an individual (Rentfrow and Gosling, 2003). Croatian authors have also emphasized the importance of studying some of the personality traits in psychology as possible predictors of the musical taste, and have agreed on the irrefutable influence that music has on people. It is an infallible part of our environment, and has various emotional, cognitive and social functions (Reić Ercegovac and Dobrota, 2011).