This work presents definition of fable, as well its main features. Historical development from the early human civilization up to the present day is stated chronologically. The beginning of fables is marked by Ezop, as the first fable writer, while later well- known fable writers appears such as La Fontaine, Krilov, Lessing and all the way to Croatian fable writers such as Ivana Brlic-Mazuranic, Gustav Krklec, Vladimir Halovanic etc. In the past, fable was considered an acceptable book species only for school and high school children, but today fable is considered to be suitable for all ages, from early childhood onwards. Through the fable the child is offered the opportunity to learn, to encourage creativity and to think more deeply, so according to this context you can see examples of some fables like („Lisica i roda” i Halovanicevovih basni „Spuzva i kreda” and „Ptica selica”) where the thesis that the fable is made not only by the characters of animals but also by inanimate things is actually confirmed. Fables help children and adults understand the world in which they live and relate to people. It has educational value because it aids children in emotional development, memory, thinking and inference