This paper concentrates on the leading american pragmatist John Dewey and his work. Special emphasis is on his theory of reflective thought which he developed in his work How we think (1910). In the first part of this paper, we will look at his private life, his academic work and contributions in the fields of philosophy, pedagogy and psyhology. Also, we will look at the work How we think, backbone of the theory of reflecitve thought. The central part of this paper is precisely this theory; aspects of reflective thought, conditions required for acquisition of reflective thought and why is it so important in everyday life. Furthermore, we will place special emphasis on the impact of reflective thought on education. In the end, we will show, throughout the work of a professor and pedagogue Carol Rodgers, what obscurities may arise when this theory is applied. Throughout the paper, emphasis is placed on the importance of Dewey's contribution to philosophy and education, and on the complexity of the theory we have been applying for almost ninety years and which is still relevant today.