This paper refers to The Principality of Poljica (the historic Poljica Duchy) from its presumable foundation in the Medieval times to its decline in the beginning of the XIX century. It was after the period of French rule in Dalmatia when this tiny autonomous ''rural community'', in spite of a heavy defeat had made every effort to reestablish its, over centuries cherished self-government that was founded upon their own codified rules, The Statute of Poljica. In a context of the Poljica's attempt to preserve their autonomy as the main topic and then difficulties they had been overwhelmed with, this paper brings up relevant episodes on the identity of Poljica and its community, describes the events and political circumstances in the neighbouring and European teritories that were reflected in the happenings within Poljica. Furthermore, it tackles the organisational and the compromise solutions that had contributed to the viability of the Poljice Duchy under the circumstances of almost a constant resistance towards economic, political pressures and different stakeholder interests. Such an athmosphere had lasted until the end of the second Austria Hungary rule in Dalmatia – the beginning of the XX century. Besides a chronological overview of political developments, in the light of the adoption of the Poljica codified rules, entitlements and privileges under the supermacy of rulers (eg. national rulers, Croatian-Hungarian sovereigns, the Venetian and Ottoman supermacy, the French and the Austrians), a section of this paper referes to the creation of the Poljica Statute and brings up the scientific reflections on the redactions and the circumstances in which these may have been made, particularly, when it comes to the periods of recognition of the Venetian or Ottoman supermacy. To paint the full image on the importance of the autonomy for residents of Poljica and the requests claimed after the fall of the Republic of Venice in the end of XVIII century, the latest three chapters deal with an overview of organizational structure, during the French, and particularly during the rule of Austrian Administration in Dalmatia. While the Hasburgs in a specific sense tolerated the privileges of Poljica, Napoleon had not a tin ear for it. After the fall of Poljica and the abolishion of the autonomous administration, The Poljica citizens have tried repeatedly to reclaim to the fullest possible extent the old entitlements and privileges, on several occasions, however, without any success.