| Sažetak | Pripadnost generaciji, uz sve ostale parametre, očituje se i u jeziku i govoru, koji mogu dovesti
i do generacijskog jaza u komunikaciji. To je posebno vidljivo u komunikaciji mladih i starijih.
Mladi, naime, u svakodnevnom govoru upotrebljavaju veći broj vulgarizama i psovki,
kolokvijalnih i dijalekatskih riječi te slengovskih izraza. U ovom radu naglasak je na
vremenskoj odrednici – govor mladih proučava se upravo u promjenama u jeziku i govoru, u
žargonu. Govor mladih segment je i razgovornog funkcionalnog stila. S obzirom na njegovu
dostupnost, spontanost i veliku kreativnost i dinamičnost, prikupljanje podataka ne predstavlja
nikakav problem u samom istraživanju, naprotiv. Mladi i na taj način iskazuju svoju slobodu i
pripadnost društvenoj grupi, upravo žargonom koji koriste u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji. Samo
definiranje žargona predstavlja određeni problem u terminološkom smislu jer postoji i
profesionalni žargon kao jezik struke, ali, najšire gledajući, žargon kao vrsta sociolekta uvijek
i obilježava određenu društvenu grupu. U literaturi je prisutan i problem nastanka i omeđenosti
žargona, što dovodi i do problema definiranja i upotrebe bliskih pojmova kao što su šatra,
šatrovački, sleng, argot, vernakular. Stavovi o jeziku podložni su promjenama, pa tako i stavovi
o žargonu. Svi su ti stavovi, dakako, iracionalni, ali na njih u znatnoj mjeri utječu pripadnici
dominantnih grupa s društvenom moći, što znači da je žargon – ponajprije kao jezik zatvorenih
i marginaliziranih grupa – dobio negativan predznak za sve outsidere, za sve one koji ga ne
razumiju ili imaju određenih poteškoća u njegovu denotiranju. S vremenom se taj stav mijenja,
ali i dalje postoje određene predrasude o žargonu i njegovim govornicima. Žargonizmi kao dio
leksika ovisni su o vremenu i brzini promjena. Provedena anketa u ovom istraživanju upravo
ispituje promjene u žargonu. Odabrani žargonizmi ne ukazuju samo na promjene značenja nego
i na diferenciranje unutar različitih društvenih grupa, ali i na njihov nestanak jer se mijenja
društveni kontekst njihove upotrebe. Brojni ispitanici prepoznali su brzinu promjena u jeziku i
govoru mladih i istaknuli prije svega veliku ulogu medija i suvremenih tehnologija, ali, i ne
manje važno, i značajnu ulogu engleskog jezika. Naime, engleski kao lingua franca sve više
utječe na sve jezike i njihove vertikalne i horizontalne idiome, pa onda, posve očekivano, i na
govor mladih čiji su kreatori i sami nositelji tih promjena. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Belonging to a generation, along with all other parameters, is also manifested in language and
speech, which can lead to a generation gap in communication. This is particularly evident in
communication between the young and the elderly. Namely, young people use a greater number
of vulgarisms and swear words, colloquial and dialectal words and slang expressions in their
daily speech. In this paper, the focus is on the temporal determinant – the speech of young
people is studied precisely in changes in language and speech, in jargon. Youth speech is also
a segment of functional conversational style. Considering its availability, spontaneity and great
creativity and dynamism, data collection does not represent any problem in the research itself.
In this way, young people also express their freedom and belonging to a social group, precisely
with the jargon they use in everyday communication. Defining jargon presents a certain
problem in the terminological sense, because there is also professional jargon as the language
of the profession, but, broadly speaking, jargon as a type of sociolect always marks a certain
social group. In literature, there is also the problem of creation and delimitation of jargon,
which leads to the problem of defining and using close terms such as slang, argot, vernacular.
Attitudes about language are subject to change, and so are attitudes about jargon. All these
attitudes are irrational, of course, but they are significantly influenced by members of dominant
groups with social power, which means that jargon – primarily as the language of closed and
marginalized groups – has acquired a negative connotation for all outsiders, for all those who
do not use it or have certain difficulties in its denotation. Over time, this attitude is changing,
but there are still some prejudices against jargon and its speakers. Jargonisms as part of the
lexicon are dependent on time and speed of changes. The survey in this study examines changes
in jargon. The selected jargonisms show not only changes in meaning, but also differentiation
within different social groups, but also their disappearance because the social context of their
use changes. Numerous interviewees recognized the speed of changes in the language and
speech of young people and emphasized first of all the great role of the media and modern
technologies, but also, the significant role of English. Indeed, English as a lingua franca is
increasingly influencing all languages and their vertical and horizontal idioms, and then, quite
expectedly, also the language of young people, whose creators are the carriers of these
changes |
