The subject matter of this thesis refers to plant symbolism found in the paintings of authors active in the area of today's Dalmatia between the 15th and the 16th century. The thesis provides the reader with an insight into a detailed analysis of the collective consciousness related to the symbolism of plant motifs found in the selected geographical area within the art period and theme indicated in the title. It includes the deconstruction of plant iconography into components that contributed to the realization of its sacral identity; science and Christian spirituality. This introduces the idea that it is possible to observe cultural, religious and scientific turmoil of a particular society through the lens of the evolution of plant symbolism in fine art. At the same time, various interpretive possibilities of depicted plants, their flowers and fruits, in the works of painters that lived and worked throughout the given time period, are being considered. The stylistic solutions of these authors and the mutual relationship between their artistic expression and phytomorphic symbolism, along with all of their similarities, are also being examined. The emphasis is on a distinct artistic creation that uses plant motifs, along with their corresponding symbolic values, in order to respond to the human perception of the commingling of a tangible and an ethereal world.